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This research program compared seabird bycatch mitigation strategies over two years (1999 and 2000) in two major Alaska demersal longline fisheries: the Gulf of Alaska/Aleutian Island Individual Fishing Quota (IFQ) fishery for sablefish and halibut (referred to as the sablefish fishery) and the Bering Sea catcher-processor longline for Pacific cod (referred to as the cod fishery). The investigators conducted tests over two years to account for inter-annual variation and allow for improvement and innovation. A key feature of this program was an industry-agency-academic collaboration to identify possible deterrents and test them on active fishing vessels under typical fishing conditions. The investigators reported the results of experimentally rigorous tests of seabird bycatch deterrents on the local abundance, attack rate, and hooking rate of seabirds in both fisheries. Based on the results, the investigators recommended a suite of bycatch mitigation measures, including a recommendation that all Alaska longline vessels must deploy a minimum of two streamer lines while setting longline gear.