Diverse Habitats Help Salmon Weather Unpredictable Climate Changes

Chinook in three creeks may be vulnerable alone, but resilient together.

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An inset of Dr. Nancy Foster on top of a picture of spiky green marsh grasses close up on a flat expanse of water with a sandy shore in the background Salt marsh habitat in the Chesapeake Bay. Credit: Chesapeake Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve—Virginia
A Hawaiian monk seal pup lays in the sand A young, female Hawaiian monk seal pup, identified as "PM6," lying in the sand at Kalaupapa, Molokai in 2017. This is the fourth pup of mom "RI25." Credit: NOAA/Tracy Mercer (Permit #16632-02).
A mother Hawaiian monk seal and her pup lay side by side on a sandy beach. Hawaiian monk seal RK80 (Keolakai) gave birth to her first pup, Makana, in February 2024 on Oʻahu. Credit Hawaiʻi Marine Animal Response (NOAA Fisheries Permit #24359)
northern elephant seal on the beach Researchers observing a colony of northern elephant seals. Photo taken under NOAA Fisheries MMPA Permit # 23188.
Aerial view of Bogoslof Island in June 2022 showing the impact of the volcanic eruption from 2019 Aerial survey imagery from June 2022 along with a white outline showing the former size in 2019. Erosion has changed the island dramatically since it tripled in size after the eruptions in 2016-2017. Credit: NOAA Fisheries/Alexey Altukhov and Burlyn Birkemeier.